A) The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.
22. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) compared with other hospitals nurse at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
B) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view
C) in most hospital nurse get low salaries
D) compared with other hospital nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel
Hospital
23. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when ________.
A) the present one is refused by the patient
B) the patient complains about the present one
C) the present one proves to be ineffective
D) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate
24. The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former
________.
A) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
B) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nurses
C) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
D) has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses
25. The author’s attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is ________.
A) negative
B) critical
C) neutral
D) positive
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn
to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that
this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the
early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as
thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort
of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce
results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies
and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one
side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse
the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure.
So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where on milk was provided.
He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads
to right or left if the movement “switched on”. A display of lights-and indeed that they
were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two
left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the
interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights
closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek
concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the
success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there
exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under
intentional control.
26. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.
A) are directly related to pleasure
B) will meet their physical needs
C) will bring them a feeling of success
D) will satisfy their curiosity
27. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ________.
A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
28. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to
________.
A) have the lights turned on
B) be rewarded with milk
C) please their parents
D) be praised
29. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ________.
A) the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”
B) the sight of the lights was interesting
C) they need not turn back to watch the lights
D) they succeeded in “switching on” the lights
30. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a
reflection of ________.
A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C) their strong desire to solve complex
D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does
not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保
单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this
action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer
may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to
the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the
faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the
consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to
the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and
especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in questions.
If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information
as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left
speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is
better than “This stereo (立体声音响) does not work.”
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the
consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if
a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further.
She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public
organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.
31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should
do is to ________.
A) complain personally to the manager
B) threaten to take the matter to court
C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store or purchase
D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to
________.
A) a shop assistant
B) the store manager
C) the manufacturer
D) a public organization
33. The most effective complaint can be made by ________.
A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C) saying firmly that the item of poor quality
D) asking politely to change the item
34. The phrase “live up” (Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.
A) meet the standard of
B) realize the purpose of
C) fulfill the demands of
D) keep the promise of
35. The passage tells us ________.
A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item
B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
D) how to deal with complaints from customers
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
If women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have only themselves
to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seem in public in clothes that are
out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.
Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the
change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in
front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has
nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many
women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been
worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of
their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines
are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to
society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and
durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take
advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as
they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at
the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her
way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
When comparing men and men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions
to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one
wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?