Most bonds, of course, require regular payments of interest, usually semi-annually. A zero-coupon bond, conversely, requires no current interest payments; instead, the investor receives his yield by purchasing the security at a significant discount from maturity value. The effective interest rate is determined by the original issue price, the maturity value, and the amount of time between issuance and maturity.
大部分的债券当然需要按时支付利息，通常是每半年一次，但是零息债券却不须要马上支付利息，而是由投资人在以相当大的折价幅度在取得债券时预先扣除，实质的利率则取决于发行的债券价格、到期面值与发行时间的长短而定。
In our case, the bonds were issued at 44.314% of maturity value and are due in 15 years. For investors purchasing the bonds, that is the mathematical equivalent of a 5.5% current payment compounded semi-annually. Because we received only 44.31 cents on the dollar, our proceeds from this offering were $400 million (less about $9.5 million of offering expenses).
以我们这次发行的债券来说，发行价是面额的44.314%，十五年到期，对于买下这次债券的投资人，约可获得相当于5.5%的年报酬率，因为我们只拿到44.31每分，所以这次扣除950万美元的发行费用，我们实得的款项是4亿美元。
The bonds were issued in denominations of $10,000 and each bond is convertible into .4515 shares of Berkshire Hathaway. Because a $10,000 bond cost $4,431, this means that the conversion price was $9,815 per Berkshire share, a 15% premium to the market price then existing. Berkshire can call the bonds at any time after September 28, 1992 at their accreted value (the original issue price plus 5.5% compounded semi-annually) and on two specified days, September 28 of 1994 and 1999, the bondholders can require Berkshire to buy the securities at their accreted value.
这次发行的债券面额是10,000美元，每张债券可以申请转换为0.4515股的Berkshire股份，因为每张债券的发行价大约是4,431美元，所以代表转换为Berkshire的价格大概是9,815美元，约为现在市价15%的溢价，同时Berkshire有权在1992年9月28日以后加计利息(5.5%的年利率)赎回这些债券，至于债券持有人也有权在1994年与1999年的9月28日要求公司加计利息买回其所持有的债券。
For tax purposes, Berkshire is entitled to deduct the 5.5% interest accrual each year, even though we make no payments to the bondholders. Thus the net effect to us, resulting from the reduced taxes, is positive cash flow. That is a very significant benefit. Some unknowable variables prevent us from calculating our exact effective rate of interest, but under all circumstances it will be well below 5.5%. There is meanwhile a symmetry to the tax law: Any taxable holder of the bonds must pay tax each year on the 5.5% interest, even though he receives no cash.
就税负的观点而言，虽然没有马上支付利息，但Berkshire每年仍可享受5.5%利息支出的所得税扣抵，由于减少了税负支出，所以就现金流量的角度而言，我们每年还有现金净流入，这是一项不错的好处，当然一些不可知的变处，使我们无法确定这次发行真正的资金成本，但不管怎样，应该都低于5.5%，而相对的债券持有人每年还是要支付5.5%的利息所得税，虽然他们根本没有收到任何的现金利息收入。
Neither our bonds nor those of certain other companies that issued similar bonds last year (notably Loews and Motorola) resemble the great bulk of zero-coupon bonds that have been issued in recent years. Of these, Charlie and I have been, and will continue to be, outspoken critics. As I will later explain, such bonds have often been used in the most deceptive of ways and with deadly consequences to investors. But before we tackle that subject, let"s travel back to Eden, to a time when the apple had not yet been bitten.
去年我们与其它公司所发行的类似债券(尤其是Loews与摩托罗拉公司)，与这几年盛行的零息债券有相当大的差异，对于后者，查理跟我一直有相当的意见，后面我会再详加说明，我们认为这些债券隐藏着欺骗行为，对买下他们的投资人有相当不利的影响，不过在谈论这个话题之前，让我们回溯时光到亚当还未引诱夏娃啃下苹果之前的时代。
If you"re my age you bought your first zero-coupon bonds during World War II, by purchasing the famous Series E U. S. Savings Bond, the most widely-sold bond issue in history. (After the war, these bonds were held by one out of two U. S. households.) Nobody, of course, called the Series E a zero-coupon bond, a term in fact that I doubt had been invented. But that"s precisely what the Series E was.
如果你像我这样的年纪曾在二次世界大战期间第一次买进最有名的E系列美国储蓄零息债券，(这种广为流传的债券几乎每两个家庭最会有人持有)，当然在当时没有人会把它当作是零息债券的一种，因为这名词根本就还未出现，但基本上它就是一种零息债券。