What counts, of course, is the rate of gain in per-share business value, not book value. In many cases, a corporation"s book value and business value are almost totally unrelated. For example, just before they went bankrupt, LTV and Baldwin-United published yearend audits showing their book values to be $652 million and $397 million, respectively. Conversely, Belridge Oil was sold to Shell in 1979 for $3.6 billion although its book value was only $177 million.
真正重要的当然是企业每股实际价值，而非帐面价值的增加，在许多情况下一家公司的帐面与其实际价值一点关连都没有，举例来说，LTV与鲍德温联合公司就在宣布破产之前的会计师签证的年度报告还显示，帐面各有净值六亿与四亿美金，但是另一个公司Belridge石油在1979年以36亿美元高价卖给壳牌石油之时，帐面净值却不到两亿。
At Berkshire, however, the two valuations have tracked rather closely, with the growth rate in business value over the last decade moderately outpacing the growth rate in book value. This good news continued in 1987.
不过在波克夏两者成长的趋势倒是蛮相近的，过去十年公司的实际价值成长率略高于帐面价值成长率，很高兴这种好现象在今年也能持续维持。
Our premium of business value to book value has widened for two simple reasons: We own some remarkable businesses and they are run by even more remarkable managers.
我们企业价值对帐面价值的差距，因为以下二个简单的原因又扩大了一点，一是我们拥有优秀的企业，一是这些企业皆由最优秀的经理人在管理。各位有理由对第二个原因表示意见，因为一家企业的总经理很少会告诉公司股东说，你们所投资的公司是由一群笨蛋组成的经营阶层来管理，而也就是为了要避免露出马脚，所以常常使得一些公司常常会出现相当诡异的财务报表
You have a right to question that second assertion. After all, CEOs seldom tell their shareholders that they have assembled a bunch of turkeys to run things. Their reluctance to do so makes for some strange annual reports. Oftentimes, in his shareholders" letter, a CEO will go on for pages detailing corporate performance that is woefully inadequate. He will nonetheless end with a warm paragraph describing his managerial comrades as "our most precious asset." Such comments sometimes make you wonder what the other assets can possibly be.
通常在致股东的报告中，CEO会花一大篇幅详细描述过去企业的表现是如何的不当，最后不可免俗地会以感性的语气来形容其所带领的公司干部实在是公司最珍贵的资产，这种形容有时会让人搞不清楚那其它的资产到底又算是什么?
At Berkshire, however, my appraisal of our operating managers is, if anything, understated. To understand why, first take a look at page 7, where we show the earnings (on an historical-cost accounting basis) of our seven largest non-financial units: Buffalo News, Fechheimer, Kirby, Nebraska Furniture Mart, Scott Fetzer Manufacturing Group, See"s Candies, and World Book. In 1987, these seven business units had combined operating earnings before interest and taxes of $180 million.
不过在波克夏，我个人对于管理干部任何的称赞都是很容易让人理解的，首先请看看第七页，显示本公司七个非金融业的主要企业-水牛城报纸、费区海默西服、寇比吸尘器、内布拉斯加家具、史考特飞兹集团、喜斯糖果与世界百科全书的获利状况(以历史成本会计基础)，1987年这七家公司的年度在扣除利息与所得税前的获利高达一亿八千万美元
By itself, this figure says nothing about economic performance. To evaluate that, we must know how much total capital - debt and equity - was needed to produce these earnings. Debt plays an insignificant role at our seven units: Their net interest expense in 1987 was only $2 million. Thus, pre-tax earnings on the equity capital employed by these businesses amounted to $178 million. And this equity - again on an historical-cost basis - was only $175 million.
单独这数字本身并不足以说明其特殊性，但若你知道他们利用多少资金就达到这项成果时，你就知道他们是如何地了不起了，事实上这些公司的负债比例都非常的低，去年的利息费用总共加起来也不过只有二百万美元，所以合计税前获利一亿七千八百万，而帐列的历史投资股本竟只有一亿七千五百万！
If these seven business units had operated as a single company, their 1987 after-tax earnings would have been approximately $100 million - a return of about 57% on equity capital. You"ll seldom see such a percentage anywhere, let alone at large, diversified companies with nominal leverage. Here"s a benchmark: In its 1988 Investor"s Guide issue, Fortune reported that among the 500 largest industrial companies and 500 largest service companies, only six had averaged a return on equity of over 30% during the previous decade. The best performer among the 1000 was Commerce Clearing House at 40.2%.
若把这七家公司视作是单一个体公司，则税后净利约为一亿美元，股东权益投资报酬率更将高达57%，即使财务杠杆再高，你也很难在一般公司看到这种比率，根据财星杂志在1988年出版的投资人手册，在全美五百大制造业与五百大服务业中，只有六家公司过去十年的股东权益报酬率超过30%，最高的一家也不过只有40.2%。